MT-RNR2 Q8IVG9

人肽 (人肽线粒体) (HNM)

功能描述

作为神经保护因子发挥作用 (PubMed:11371646, PubMed:11717357, PubMed:12154011, PubMed:12787071, PubMed:12860203, PubMed:19386761)。在阿尔茨海默病中，保护神经元细胞免受多种不同家族性阿尔茨海默病基因和淀粉样β蛋白诱导的细胞死亡 (PubMed:11371646, PubMed:11717357, PubMed:12154011, PubMed:12787071, PubMed:12860203, PubMed:19386761)。通过与由IL6ST/GP130、IL27RA/WSX1和CNTFR组成的受体复合物相互作用介导其神经保护作用 (PubMed:19386761)。也作为G蛋白偶联受体FPR2/FPRL1和FPR3/FPRL2的配体发挥作用 (PubMed:15465011)。抑制淀粉样β蛋白40原纤维形成 (PubMed:27349871)。也抑制淀粉样β蛋白42原纤维形成 (PubMed:28282805)。通过与BAX结合并阻止BAX从细胞质易位至线粒体来抑制细胞凋亡 (PubMed:12732850, PubMed:26990160)。也通过与BID结合并抑制BID与BAX及BAK的相互作用来抑制细胞凋亡，从而阻止BAX和BAK的寡聚化并抑制促凋亡蛋白从线粒体释放 (PubMed:15661737)。与BAX以及BID形成纤维，诱导BAX和BID构象改变并将其隔离在纤维中，从而阻止其激活 (PubMed:31690630, PubMed:33106313)。还可以通过与BIM亚型BimEL相互作用来抑制细胞凋亡，抑制BimEL诱导的BAX激活，阻断BAX和BAK的寡聚化，并阻止促凋亡蛋白从线粒体释放 (PubMed:15661735)。在上调抗凋亡蛋白BIRC6/APOLLON中发挥作用，导致神经元细胞死亡受抑制 (PubMed:25138702)。与IGFBP3结合并特异性阻断IGFBP3诱导的细胞死亡 (PubMed:14561895, PubMed:26216267)。与输入蛋白KPNB1竞争结合IGFBP3，这可能阻断IGFBP3的核输入 (PubMed:26216267)。通过FPR2/FPRL1诱导单核吞噬细胞的趋化作用 (PubMed:15153530)。通过抑制APP对单核吞噬细胞的影响来减少聚集和原纤维形成，并通过竞争性抑制FPR2与APP的结合发挥作用 (PubMed:15153530)。保护视网膜色素上皮 (RPE) 细胞免受氧化应激诱导和内质网 (ER) 应激诱导的细胞凋亡 (PubMed:26990160, PubMed:27783653)。在氧化应激后促进RPE细胞中的线粒体生物发生，并促进STAT3磷酸化，从而导致CASP3释放受抑制 (PubMed:26990160)。还降低RPE细胞中的CASP4水平，抑制ER应激诱导的线粒体超氧化物产生，并在线粒体谷胱甘肽的上调中发挥作用 (PubMed:27783653)。减少生精上皮周期非雄激素敏感阶段生殖细胞因睾丸激素剥夺诱导的细胞凋亡 (PubMed:19952275)。通过抑制氧化应激、降低TXNIP表达并抑制NLRP3炎性小体激活（从而抑制促炎细胞因子IL1B和IL18的表达），保护内皮细胞免受游离脂肪酸诱导的炎症 (PubMed:32923762)。通过介导ERK5激活来保护细胞免受高糖诱导的内皮细胞功能障碍，这导致转录因子KLF2表达增加并阻止单核细胞粘附于内皮细胞 (PubMed:30029058)。抑制星形胶质细胞中的炎症反应 (PubMed:23277413)。增加胰腺β细胞中PPARGC1A/PGC1A的表达，从而促进线粒体生物发生 (PubMed:29432738)。增加胰岛素敏感性 (PubMed:19623253)。 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11371646, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11717357, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12154011, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12732850, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12787071, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12860203, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14561895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15153530, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15465011, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15661735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15661737, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19386761, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19623253, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19952275, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23277413, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25138702, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26216267, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26990160, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27349871, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27783653, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28282805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29432738, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30029058, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31690630, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32923762, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33106313}.

组织特异性

Expressed in testis, seminal plasma and sperm (at protein level) (PubMed:20542501, PubMed:30920769). Higher seminal plasma levels are associated with normospermia than with oligospermia, asthenospermia or oligoasthenospermia (at protein level) (PubMed:30920769). Higher sperm levels are associated with normospermia than with asthenospermia (at protein level) (PubMed:30920769). Expressed in retinal epithelial cells (at protein level) (PubMed:26990160). Expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver. Lesser but significant expression is observed in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Expressed in the AD brain, where it is found in some of the large intact neurons of the occipital lobes and small and round reactive glial cells in the hippocampus.

亚细胞定位

Secreted