LGALS9 O00182

半乳糖凝集素-9 (Gal-9) (Ecalectin) (肿瘤抗原 HOM-HD-21)

功能描述

结合半乳糖苷 (PubMed:18005988)。对Forssman五糖具有高亲和力 (PubMed:18005988)。HAVCR2/TIM3的配体 (PubMed:16286920)。与HAVCR2结合诱导T辅助型1淋巴细胞 (Th1) 死亡 (PubMed:16286920)。还通过引起巨噬细胞活化和IL1B分泌刺激受感染巨噬细胞的杀菌活性，从而限制胞内细菌生长 (By similarity)。P4HB的配体；该相互作用将P4HB滞留在Th2 T辅助细胞的细胞表面，增加质膜上的二硫化物还原酶活性，改变质膜氧化还原状态并增强细胞迁移 (PubMed:21670307)。CD44的配体；该相互作用增强SMAD3与FOXP3启动子的结合，导致FOXP3表达上调，并增加诱导性调节T (iTreg) 细胞的稳定性和抑制功能 (By similarity)。促进间充质基质细胞抑制T细胞增殖的能力 (PubMed:23817958)。在病毒感染后扩增调节T细胞并诱导细胞毒性T细胞凋亡 (PubMed:20209097)。激活ERK1/2磷酸化，诱导肥大细胞和树突状细胞产生细胞因子 (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) 和趋化因子 (CCL2) (PubMed:16116184, PubMed:24465902)。抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒并诱导其凋亡 (PubMed:24465902)。诱导树突状细胞成熟和迁移 (PubMed:16116184, PubMed:25754930)。抑制自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞功能 (PubMed:23408620)。在怀孕期间可将NK细胞表型从外周型转变为蜕膜型 (PubMed:25578313)。星形胶质细胞来源的galectin-9增强小胶质细胞TNF的产生 (By similarity)。可能在胸腺生物学相关的胸腺细胞-上皮细胞相互作用中发挥作用。可能为尿酸盐穿过细胞膜流动提供分子基础，允许嘌呤代谢过程中形成的尿酸盐从细胞流出，并作为电发生转运蛋白在肾脏和胃肠道尿酸盐排泄中发挥重要作用 (By similarity)。对阴离子尿酸盐具有高度选择性 (By similarity)。 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O08573, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97840, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16116184, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16286920, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18005988, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18977853, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20209097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21670307, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23408620, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23817958, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24465902, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25578313, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25754930}.; FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: 作为嗜酸性粒细胞趋化剂 (PubMed:9642261)。它也抑制血管生成 (PubMed:24333696)。抑制自然杀伤细胞产生IFNG (By similarity)。 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O08573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24333696, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9642261}.

组织特异性

Peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphatic tissues. Expressed in lung, liver, breast and kidney with higher levels in tumor endothelial cells than normal endothelium (at protein level) (PubMed:24333696). Expressed in trophoblast cells in decidua and placenta in pregnancy (at protein level) (PubMed:23242525, PubMed:25578313). Isoform 2 is the most abundant isoform expressed in endothelial cells (PubMed:24333696). Upon endothelial cell activation isoform 2 expression decreases while expression of isoform 3 and isoform 5 increases (PubMed:24333696). Isoform 4 decreases in pathological pregnancy (PubMed:23242525).

亚细胞定位

Cytoplasm