APOBEC3G Q9HC16

DNA dC->dU编辑酶APOBEC-3G (EC 3.5.4.38) (APOBEC相关胞嘧啶脱氨酶) (APOBEC相关蛋白) (ARCD) (APOBEC相关蛋白9) (ARP-9) (CEM-15) (CEM15) (脱氧胞苷脱氨酶) (A3G)

功能描述

DNA脱氨酶（胞嘧啶脱氨酶），通过脱氨酶依赖和非依赖机制作为逆转录病毒复制和逆转录转座子移动的抑制剂（PubMed:12808465, PubMed:16527742, PubMed:17121840, PubMed:18288108, PubMed:18849968, PubMed:19153609, PubMed:21123384, PubMed:22791714, PubMed:25542899）。对缺乏Vif的HIV-1表现出强效的抗病毒活性（PubMed:12167863, PubMed:12859895, PubMed:14557625, PubMed:20219927, PubMed:21835787, PubMed:22807680, PubMed:22915799, PubMed:23097438, PubMed:23152537, PubMed:31397674）。在逆转录病毒核衣壳穿透进入感染靶细胞并启动逆转录后，它可以诱导负链单链病毒DNA中的胞嘧啶转化为尿嘧啶，导致随后的正链病毒DNA发生G-to-A高突变（PubMed:12808465, PubMed:12808466, PubMed:12809610, PubMed:12970355, PubMed:14528300, PubMed:22807680）。由此产生的前病毒基因组中有害水平的突变，连同在前病毒整合前起作用的脱氨非依赖机制，共同在受感染的靶细胞中发挥有效的抗逆转录病毒作用（PubMed:12808465, PubMed:12808466, PubMed:12809610, PubMed:12970355, PubMed:14528300）。选择性靶向单链DNA，不使双链DNA或单链/双链RNA脱氨（PubMed:12808465, PubMed:12809610, PubMed:12970355, PubMed:14528300）。对猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIVs）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、马传染性贫血病毒（EIAV）、异嗜性小鼠白血病病毒相关病毒（XMRV）和猴泡沫病毒（SFV）也表现出抗病毒活性（PubMed:15031497, PubMed:16378963, PubMed:18448976, PubMed:19458006, PubMed:20335265）。可能抑制LTR和非LTR逆转录转座子的移动（PubMed:16527742）。 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12167863, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12808465, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12808466, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12809610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12859895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12970355, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14528300, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14557625, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15031497, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16378963, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16527742, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17121840, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18288108, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18849968, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19153609, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19458006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20219927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20335265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21123384, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21835787, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22791714, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22807680, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22915799, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23097438, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23152537, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25542899, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31397674, ECO:0000303|PubMed:18448976}。

组织特异性

Expressed in spleen, testes, ovary and peripheral blood leukocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes. Also expressed in non-permissive peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and several tumor cell lines; no expression detected in permissive lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell lines. Exists only in the LMM form in peripheral blood-derived resting CD4 T-cells and monocytes, both of which are refractory to HIV-1 infection. LMM is converted to a HMM complex when resting CD4 T-cells are activated or when monocytes are induced to differentiate into macrophages. This change correlates with increased susceptibility of these cells to HIV-1 infection.

亚细胞定位

Cytoplasm