ACE2 Q9BYF1

血管紧张素转化酶2 (EC 3.4.17.23) (血管紧张素转化酶同源物) (ACEH) (血管紧张素转化酶相关羧肽酶) (ACE相关羧肽酶) (EC 3.4.17.-) (金属蛋白酶MPROT15) [切割为：加工的血管紧张素转化酶2]

功能描述

肾素-血管紧张素激素系统必需的逆向调节羧肽酶，是血容量、全身血管阻力以及心血管稳态的关键调节因子 (PubMed:27217402)。将血管紧张素I转化为血管紧张素1-9，这是一种在心肌细胞中具有抗肥厚作用的九氨基酸肽；并将血管紧张素II转化为血管紧张素1-7，后者作为有益的血管扩张剂和抗增殖剂，抵消血管收缩剂血管紧张素II的作用 (PubMed:10924499, PubMed:10969042, PubMed:11815627, PubMed:14504186, PubMed:19021774)。也能从其他三种血管活性肽（神经降压素、激肽素和des-Arg缓激肽）中去除C末端残基，但对缓激肽无活性 (PubMed:10969042, PubMed:11815627)。还能高效切割其他生物活性肽，如apelin（apelin-13、[Pyr1]apelin-13、apelin-17、apelin-36）、酪啡肽（beta-casomorphin-7、neocasomorphin）和强啡肽A (PubMed:11815627, PubMed:27217402, PubMed:28293165)。此外，ACE2 C末端与collectrin同源，负责通过直接相互作用将中性氨基酸转运蛋白SL6A19转运至肠上皮细胞的质膜，调节其在细胞表面的表达及其催化活性 (PubMed:18424768, PubMed:19185582)。 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10924499, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10969042, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11815627, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14504186, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18424768, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19021774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19185582, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27217402}.; FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) 作为人冠状病毒SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2以及人冠状病毒NL63/HCoV-NL63的受体。 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14647384, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15452268, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15791205, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15897467, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19901337, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24227843, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32142651, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32221306, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225175, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33000221, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33082294, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33432067}.; FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: 无羧肽酶功能。 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33077916}.; FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: (Microbial infection) 不能作为人冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的受体。 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33077916, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33432184}.

组织特异性

Expressed in endothelial cells from small and large arteries, and in arterial smooth muscle cells (at protein level) (PubMed:15141377). Expressed in enterocytes of the small intestine, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells (at protein level) (PubMed:15141377). Expressed in the renal proximal tubule and the small intestine (at protein level) (PubMed:18424768). Expressed in heart, kidney, testis, and gastrointestinal system (at protein level) (PubMed:10924499, PubMed:10969042, PubMed:12459472, PubMed:15231706, PubMed:15671045, PubMed:32170560, PubMed:32715618). In lung, expressed at low levels in some alveolar type 2 cells, the expression seems to be individual-specific (at protein level) (PubMed:15141377, PubMed:32170560, PubMed:32425701, PubMed:32715618, PubMed:33432184). Expressed in nasal epithelial cells (at protein level) (PubMed:32333915, PubMed:33432184). Coexpressed with TMPRSS2 within some lung alveolar type 2 cells, ileal absorptive enterocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, cornea, gallbladder and nasal goblet secretory cells (PubMed:32327758, PubMed:32358202, PubMed:32413319). Coexpressed with TMPRSS4 within mature enterocytes (PubMed:32404436).

亚细胞定位

[Processed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]: Secreted