SLC18A2 Q05940

突触囊泡胺转运蛋白 (溶质载体家族18成员2) (囊泡胺转运蛋白2) (VAT2) (囊泡单胺转运蛋白2)

功能描述

电生成性反向转运蛋白，在分泌囊泡和突触囊泡膜上交换一个阳离子单胺与两个囊泡内质子。利用V型质子泵ATPase建立的电化学质子梯度，在通过胞吐作用释放之前，在囊泡内积累高浓度的单胺。转运多种儿茶酚胺，如多巴胺、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素、组胺，以及吲哚胺，如5-羟色胺 (PubMed:23363473, PubMed:37914936, PubMed:38081299, PubMed:38517752, PubMed:8643547)。调节决定量子大小的跨囊泡单胺能梯度。介导海马神经元中胞体树突多巴胺的释放，可能是整合逆行突触信号的受调节分泌途径的一部分 (By similarity)。作为纹状体多巴胺装载的主要转运蛋白，确保突触间隙中多巴胺的脉冲依赖性释放 (By similarity)。负责组胺和5-羟色胺的储存及随后从肥大细胞颗粒中的共同释放 (PubMed:8860238)。 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8BRU6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23363473, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37914936, ECO:0000269|PubMed:38081299, ECO:0000269|PubMed:38517752, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8643547, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8860238}.

组织特异性

Expressed in neuronal and neuroendocrine tissues. Detected in central and peripheral nervous system in particular in axonal and dendritic processes in dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra, histaminergic neuronal cell bodies of substantia nigra and tuberomammillary nucleus, in ganglion cells of sympathetic glia and in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals in stomach and duodenum (at protein level). Highly expressed in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and histamine-storing enterochromaffin-like cells of oxyntic mucosa (at protein level).

亚细胞定位

Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane