GREM1 O60565

Gremlin-1 (细胞增殖诱导基因2蛋白) (半胱氨酸结超家族1，BMP拮抗剂1) (DAN结构域家族成员2) (Mos转化细胞下调蛋白) (高葡萄糖诱导蛋白2) (IHG-2)

功能描述

细胞因子，可能在癌发生和后肾肾脏器官发生过程中发挥重要作用，作为早期肢体生长和模式建立中维持FGF4-SHH反馈回路所需的BMP拮抗剂。以剂量依赖性方式下调BMP4信号传导（通过相似性）。BMP2的拮抗剂；抑制BMP2介导的成骨细胞分化（体外）（PubMed:27036124）。作为单核细胞趋化性的抑制剂。过表达时可抑制正常细胞的生长或存活，但不抑制转化细胞（通过相似性）。 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35793, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O70326, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27036124}。

组织特异性

Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Expression is restricted to intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) at the crypt base. In subjects with HMPS1, by contrast, GREM1 is expressed, not only in basal ISEMFs, but also at very high levels in epithelial cells (predominantly colonocytes), with expression extending most of the way up the sides of the crypt. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts.

亚细胞定位

Secreted