APELA P0DMC3

Apelin受体早期内源性配体 (Protein Elabela) (ELA) (Protein Toddler)

功能描述

肽类激素，作为G蛋白偶联apelin受体（APLNR/APJ）的内源性配体发挥作用，在正常心血管功能和体液稳态的调节中起作用 (PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936, PubMed:35817871)。作为平衡激动剂发挥作用，激活APLNR的G(i)蛋白通路和β-arrestin通路 (PubMed:35817871)。下游G蛋白激活后，apelin可抑制cAMP产生并激活关键细胞内效应因子，如ERKs (PubMed:35817871)。另一方面，APLNR激活诱导β-arrestin募集至细胞膜，导致受体的脱敏和内化 (PubMed:35817871)。早期发育过程中的中内胚层分化、血管形成和心脏形态发生以及成年心血管稳态所必需 (PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936)。在原肠胚形成过程中，通过结合并激活APLNR促进中内胚层细胞迁移，充当促运动因子。作为细胞运动的早期胚胎调节因子，在心脏祖细胞的迁移和发育中起作用。可能在血管发生过程中作为趋化因子激活成血管细胞向胚胎中线（即未来血管形成的位置）迁移。正向调节静脉窦（SV）来源的内皮细胞迁移进入发育中的心脏，以促进冠状血管出芽。在胎盘血管发育中起作用；促进胎盘滋养层细胞侵袭和子宫螺旋动脉重塑。参与母体心血管稳态的调节，以预防妊娠期高血压，并在心力衰竭期间发挥强效的心脏保护功能。以ERK1/2依赖性方式介导心肌收缩力 (By similarity)。 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC2, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC4, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DP76, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25639753, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28137936, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35817871}。

组织特异性

Expressed in the intima of blood vessels (PubMed:28137936). Expressed in endothelial cells in blood vessels in the heart and lung (PubMed:28137936). Expressed in cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of first-trimester placental tissue and term placentas (at protein level) (PubMed:28663440). Not detected in smooth muscle cells or cardiomyocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:28137936). Expressed in kidney (PubMed:25639753). Expressed in blood vessels (PubMed:28137936). Expressed in embryonic (ESCs) and induced (iPSCs) pluripotent stem cells (PubMed:25639753). Most highly expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cell and is rapidly down-regulated during differentiation (PubMed:24316148).

亚细胞定位

Secreted